Welcome to the NCRI Women’s Committee podcast, where we discuss issues concerning the rights, struggles, and resistance of women in Iran. Today, we’re exploring a story of resilience, courage, and unbreakable determination—the role of Iranian women in the 1979 revolution.
As we mark the anniversary of the 1979 Revolution, on February 11, 1979, we’ll take a closer look at the significant role women played in this historic movement—how they defied societal norms, risked their lives, and stood at the forefront of the revolution. Their fight for freedom didn’t end in 1979, and today, we’ll also examine how their legacy continues to inspire the ongoing struggle for women’s rights in Iran.
So, let’s set the stage. Iran, late 1970s—the country is boiling with discontent against the Shah’s rule. But what many don’t realize is how central women were in this movement. Why do you think their role is often overlooked in mainstream narratives?
That’s a great question. Traditionally, revolutions are told through the lens of political leaders, armed struggles, and major events. Women’s contributions often happen behind the scenes—organizing, communicating, mobilizing support—but they were also on the front lines. In Iran, women were not just participating; they were leading.
Right. And I was struck by something in your research—the sheer determination of these women to break out of societal expectations. Many of them came from deeply traditional backgrounds. How did they manage to defy those norms?
It wasn’t easy. For many, stepping into activism meant going against their families, risking their futures, and even their lives. Take Fatemeh Amini—she was a teacher, educated, and deeply committed to the revolutionary cause. She endured months of torture without breaking. Women like her weren’t just fighting the Shah’s dictatorship; they were challenging centuries-old cultural barriers.
And this wasn’t just a handful of activists—this was a movement. You mentioned that women played key roles in organizations like the People’s Mojahedin Organization of Iran. What made these groups different in terms of gender equality?
The PMOI, in particular, had a progressive stance on women’s rights. They rejected the notion that politics was a man’s world. Women were given leadership roles, trained in resistance efforts, and treated as equals. This was radical for the time. Many young women saw these groups as a way to fight both political oppression and gender oppression.
That’s powerful. But let’s talk about the dangers. Women weren’t just protesting—they were being arrested, tortured, even executed. What do you think drove them to keep going despite those risks?
They believed in something bigger than themselves. For many, it was about creating a future where their daughters wouldn’t have to face the same restrictions they did. And let’s not forget the role of the mothers—the ones who lost their children yet continued to fight. These women showed unbelievable resilience. They gathered outside prisons, they protested at military courts, and they defied fear.
The image of mothers protesting in Tehran’s bazaars and outside Qasr Prison is so powerful. Do you think their activism had a direct impact on the revolution’s success?
Absolutely. Their persistence put pressure on the regime. When they demanded the release of political prisoners, it wasn’t just about individual cases—it was about human rights, about defying the state’s brutality. By 1979, the revolution wasn’t just about overthrowing the Shah; it was about collective resistance. Women played a huge role in unifying people.
And then we get to one of the darkest moments—Black Friday, September 8, 1978. Women were in the crowd that day. What do we know about their role in that protest?
Black Friday was a turning point. Women were at the forefront, bringing their children, refusing to back down despite the military crackdown. When the Shah’s forces opened fire, hundreds were killed, including many women. That moment radicalized the movement—there was no turning back after that.
It’s heartbreaking, but also a testament to their bravery. Now, let’s fast-forward a bit. The Shah is gone, and the revolution succeeds. But the outcome wasn’t what many women hoped for. Instead of more freedom, they faced new oppression under the new regime. Do you think that was the biggest betrayal of the revolution?
In many ways, yes. Women had fought for a future of equality, but the new theocracy imposed harsh restrictions. The hijab became mandatory, women lost many rights, and their role in politics was diminished. But what’s incredible is that they didn’t stop fighting. The resistance didn’t end in 1979—it evolved.
That brings me to today. Iranian women are still on the front lines, still fighting for their rights. Do you see a direct link between the women of 1979 and the women protesting today?
100%. The courage we see in Iranian women today—whether it’s protesting mandatory hijab laws or leading political movements—it’s part of a long tradition. These women stand on the shoulders of those who came before them. The struggle continues, but so does their determination.
It’s inspiring. Before we wrap up, what do you think the world can learn from the story of Iranian women in the revolution?
That change doesn’t happen overnight. That courage often comes at a cost. And that when women lead, movements gain an unstoppable force. The fight for freedom, equality, and justice is ongoing, and history shows us that women are at the heart of it.
That’s beautifully said. It’s been eye-opening, and I hope our listeners take away a new appreciation for the role of women in shaping history.
And to our listeners, thank you for tuning in. For more information, you can visit our website: wncri.org.
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